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This article presents a systematic literature review of existing academic, professional and grey literature dealing with the use of e-learning in the workplace. This detailed examination of the literature involved conducting a comprehensive and systematic desktop study that aimed at identifying, appraising and synthesising relevant studies on the subject. Analysis of the results revealed that there is a clear difference in strategic thinking, adoption, use and long-term planning of e-learning between large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Large companies, which require agile, just-in-time solutions and active involvement of peers and business partners, appear to be relatively well served but there are still opportunities for further studies with regard to the use of online media for workplace e-learning. On the other hand, there seem to be relatively few studies that analyse e-learning needs, requirements and usage in SMEs. This leads to the conclusion that the latter are indeed less well served, and this may present opportunities for e-learning researchers and providers to fill the gap if a strategic approach is taken.